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Jasenovac concentration camp ((クロアチア語:Logor Jasenovac) and , ; (イディッシュ語:יאסענאוואץ), sometimes spelled "Yasenovatz") was an extermination camp established in Slavonia by the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II. The camp was established by the governing Ustaše regime and not operated by Nazi Germany, and was one of the largest concentration camps in Europe.〔Pavlowitch (2008), p. 34〕 From August 1941 it existed in marshland at the confluence of the Sava and Una rivers near the village of Jasenovac. It was dismantled in April 1945. It was "notorious for its barbaric practices and the large number of victims".〔Tomasevich (2001), p. 399〕 In Jasenovac, the majority of victims were ethnic Serbs, whom the Ustaše wanted to remove from the NDH, along with the Jews, anti-fascist or dissident Croatians, and Roma. Jasenovac was a complex of five subcamps〔Brietman (2005), p. 204〕 spread over on both banks of the Sava and Una rivers. The largest camp was the "Brickworks" camp at Jasenovac, about southeast of Zagreb. The overall complex included the Stara Gradiška sub-camp, the killing grounds across the Sava river at Donja Gradina, five work farms, and the Uštica Roma camp.〔 During and since World War II, there has been much debate and controversy regarding the number of victims killed at the Jasenovac concentration camp complex in its more than three-and-a-half years of operation.〔 Gradually, in the 15 years after the war ended, a figure of 700,000 began to reflect conventional wisdom, although estimates range between 350,000 and 800,000.〔 The authorities of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia conducted a population survey in 1964 that showed a far lower figure, but was reportedly kept secret. When Vladimir Žerjavić published the lower estimates in the 1980s, he was criticized by Antun Miletić, among others,〔Kolstø, Pål. 'The Serbian-Croatian Controversy over Jasenovac' in Ramet (2011), pp. 226–241〕 but his research has since been considered trustworthy by authorities on World War II Yugoslav history such as Jozo Tomasevich.〔〔Tomasevich (2001), p. 737〕 The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) in Washington, D.C. presently estimates that the Ustaša regime murdered between 77,000 and 99,000 people in Jasenovac between 1941 and 1945.〔 The Jasenovac Memorial Site quotes a similar figure of between 80,000 and 100,000 victims.〔 ==Background== The Independent State of Croatia (NDH) was founded on 10 April 1941, after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. The NDH consisted of most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with some parts of modern-day Serbia. It was essentially an Italo–German quasi-protectorate, as it owed its existence to the Axis powers, who maintained occupation forces within the puppet state throughout its existence.〔Tomasevich (2001), pp. 233–241〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jasenovac concentration camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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